Congratulations Malcolm,
You basically hit the nail on the head. Prior to formulating this quiz, I checked Google search and Wikipedia for various trails to the questions and came up with zip, nada. For that I commend you!
For question 5-The Jack F. Paulus Skiway is not quite at the South Pole, magnetic or geographic. Antarctica is the given location and the airport identifier is NZSP.
VXE-6 was a US Navy Antarctic Development Squadron first based at NAS Quonset Point, RI., the only squadron of its kind in the US Navy. The special ski-equipped retractable wheel tri-gear (snowphibious?) Lockheed Hercules aircraft were owned by the National Science Foundation but in Navy dark blue livery and the Navy supported them to gain cold weather survival and other special operational skills. In 1981 when Cadillac Jack retired the squadron had made 27 deployments to the Antarctic in support of the NSF's Operation Deep Freeze. Cadillac Jack made an unprecedented ten of those five month deployments, plus numerous Operation Winter Fly-In (WINFLY) which is six to eight preliminary flights from Christchurch, NZ to the main US installation on the Antarctic continent at McMurdo Station in east Antarctica.
The VXE-6 Squadron moved to base at NAS Point Mugu NTD in southern California in 1973. Cadillac Jack had been making the Antarctica trips since 1969. He flew more than 5,000 hours in the Navy; approximately half of them in the ski-equipped Hercules. The airport named after him called the Jack F. Paulus Skiway is 10,000 feet long of snow and ice. He flew in some of the most miserable conditions imaginable. He was held is such awe that when he retired from the Navy, Lockheed sent one of its top executives, Ed Shockley, President of Lockheed California's subsidiary who praised Jack for his noteworthy accomplishments. One veteran VXE-6 pilot said that "three tours to Antarctica is considered the normal, maximum assignment for any squadron member. I find it hard to imagine anyone wanting or even being able to do it 10 times." VXE-6 also operated Bell UH-1N "Huey II" helicopters over the 5.5 million square miles of frozen Antarctica continent.
Cadillac Jack retired to Montana in June 1981 as John F. Paulus, LCDR, USN Ret.
Again, I commend you Malcolm